{"id":2029,"date":"2012-08-29T22:31:27","date_gmt":"2012-08-30T02:31:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/?p=2029"},"modified":"2017-05-31T18:30:46","modified_gmt":"2017-05-31T22:30:46","slug":"answers-from-the-vault-i-answer-your-questions-on-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/general\/answers-from-the-vault-i-answer-your-questions-on-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers from the Vault: I answer YOUR questions….on Mars!"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

A beautiful view of Mars, from Wikipedia and NASA<\/p><\/div>\n

“What would the wingspan of a glider on Mars be?”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Flying on Mars is tricky.\u00a0 I know, I’ve done it.\u00a0 Well, that is to say, I’ve done it in a simulator.\u00a0 Because a flight simulator is nothing but a giant physics engine with a bunch of mathematical constants plugged in, its possible to have the simulator spit out the atmospheric conditions of almost anywhere, and then re-create it.\u00a0 X-Plane, by Laminar Research<\/a> is perhaps the best such flight sim available on the commercial market, and using some NASA atmospheric and geographical data, allows you to recreate flying on Mars in a pretty believable way.<\/p>\n

Wings (airfoils) only work when the air current flows over them at a certain speed.\u00a0 That speed is dependent on the airfoil shape, and is subject to a lot of heavy math well above my humble head to try and figure out.\u00a0 If the speed of the flow over the airfoil gets too low, it stops generating lift.\u00a0 This is called a stall, and is generally bad news for whatever the airfoil is attached to, that is: the rest of the plane with you in it.\u00a0 So a certain speed needs to be maintained in order to stay in the air.\u00a0 With a powered airplane, the engine provides that forward speed.\u00a0 In a Helicopter, the rotation of the blades provides the lift, and in a glider it is gravity pulling the plane downwards that provides the lift.\u00a0 Let’s throw a theoretical number out there.\u00a0 Imagine that Glider X needed to maintain a minimum speed of 20 miles per hour in order to stay airborne.<\/p>\n

Air density on Mars being 1% that of earth.\u00a0 Indicated airspeed (the air density that the airfoil is seeing) is proportional to the square root of the actual air density, so the real air speed is roughly 10 times that indicated.\u00a0 So if Glider X was on Mars, it would require a minimum airspeed of 200 miles per hour at all times to stay airborne!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"

A glider on Mars would look a lot like a Glider on Earth. From Wikipedia user DG Flugzeugbau<\/p><\/div>\n

Of course, with the air density being so low, things like turning and landing become incredibly tricky propositions.\u00a0 Take it from me after a few test flights on Mars: Nothing happens in a hurry in the air over the red planet.\u00a0 Turns have to be thought of well in advance, and approached deliberately.\u00a0 Landing is a scary prospect.\u00a0 Approaching the ground at over 600 miles per hour, and then bouncing along the country side for miles because the gravity is only 1\/3 that of earth, and you only carry 1\/3 the weight, for 3\/3 of the inertia.<\/p>\n

So how big would a glider be on mars?\u00a0 I’d say roughly the same size as one on Earth.\u00a0 So a glider meant to carry 1-2 people, plus all their gear?\u00a0 Let’s add a bit of size for survival equipment, communications, and oxygen, and let’s ballpark a wingspan at around 70-100 feet.\u00a0 The fuselage would be around 25-30 feet long would weigh (on earth mind you) around 1500-1750 pounds.<\/p>\n

Getting the thing into the sky would require one crazy tow plane, but that’s a topic for another post.\u00a0 But I leave you with this thought….Imagine being towed along the ground in your 1500 pound glider, with nothing but a spacesuit to protect you as your rocket powered tow plane accelerates to 600 miles an hours in order to generate enough lift to pull you into the sky (remember the wing only sees 1\/10 of that airflow).<\/p>\n

\"\"

A Theoretical flight over Mars, powered by X Plane. By Austin Meyer.<\/p><\/div>\n

Of course, there are other ways to launch a glider… using a winch on the ground to pull it into the air works, but imagine needing miles of tow rope pulling at a few hundred miles an hour, and you see the problems here.\u00a0 Of course the glider could carry its own engine into the sky, shutting it off in the sky and coasting.\u00a0 I Imagine this would use a small rocket motor, and the plane would look something like a U2 Spyplane, only without the intakes.<\/p>\n

“Would a windmill work on Mars?”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\"R\u00f8nland

R\u00f8nland Windpart, Denmark. From Wikipedia user Fanny Schertzer<\/p><\/div>\n

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In short, yes.\u00a0 As discussed above, windmills are nothing but airfoils.\u00a0 Given enough wind speed, a windmill would work.\u00a0 Now the problem comes in at finding enough wind on Mars.\u00a0 Where do we find enough wind?\u00a0 Without getting into a long essay on atmospheric conditions and high and low pressure zones, I’ll be brief.<\/p>\n

Temperatures rising and falling cause shifts in air pressure.\u00a0 Air pressure causes winds to start flowing.\u00a0 Due to the axial tilt of Mars being less than that of the Earth, there is less temperature variance between seasons.\u00a0 This forces the majority of the weather systems to occur around the polar regions, which still have seasonal deposits of Ice that grow and recede annually.<\/p>\n

So would a windmill work on Mars?\u00a0 Sure.\u00a0 But it’d have to be three times as big (due to lack of air density) to spin at the same speed.\u00a0 Of course, it would be easier to build massive structures on mars due to the lower gravity. With temperature variances being up to 100 degrees Kelvin at the poles, and the average wind speed on Mars being about\u00a0 20 mph, you’d have a chance of having higher speeds near the poles, which would be where I’d put my Windmills.<\/p>\n

I’d like to thank Barb Leflar Jackson (follow her on twitter at @bleflarjackson<\/a>) for this episode’s very interesting questions.\u00a0 It doesn’t take much to get me back to the Red Planet, and these questions were fun to think about and answer!<\/p>\n

Send more of your questions to \"theclockworkdoctor@gmail.com\"<\/a>, or on twitter @The_Clock_Doc<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“What would the wingspan of a glider on Mars be?” Flying on Mars is tricky.\u00a0 I know, I’ve done it.\u00a0 Well, that is to say, I’ve done it in a simulator.\u00a0 Because a flight simulator is nothing but a giant … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1,695],"tags":[194,895,893,716,897,344,894,896],"class_list":["post-2029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-clockdoc","tag-clockwork-doctor","tag-glider","tag-mars","tag-physics","tag-questions","tag-space","tag-windmill","tag-x-plane"],"yoast_head":"\nAnswers 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Anything and everything on earth is affected by gravity.\u00a0 Objects fall towards the earth at a constant rate, known as the gravitational constant (9.8 m\/s\u00b2) .\u00a0 I hear those sci-fi writers again.\u00a0 Yes, if we were on the moon, or Mars, or\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Gun Geek"","block_context":{"text":"Gun Geek","link":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/category\/clockdoc\/gungeek\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/23\/Bullet_coming_from_S%26W.jpg","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3746,"url":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/creative\/art\/daily-creativity-mars\/","url_meta":{"origin":2029,"position":1},"title":"Daily Creativity: Mars","author":"Nuchtchas","date":"March 11, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Mars! Isn't it great? The planet I mean. I love space, and have been wanting to explore painting some of the planets and heavenly bodies. I thought I'd start with water colors, and work my way up to oil paints. 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My goal in writing this down is simple: To keep learning as I write,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Gun Geek"","block_context":{"text":"Gun Geek","link":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/category\/clockdoc\/gungeek\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"To the point","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/farm5.staticflickr.com\/4055\/4286914513_421135aeb1_m.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1706,"url":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/clockdoc\/part-3-of-a-ballistics-guide-for-geeks-writers-and-geeky-writers-stability-and-recoil\/","url_meta":{"origin":2029,"position":3},"title":"Part 3 of A Ballistics Guide for Geeks, Writers, and Geeky Writers: Stability and Recoil","author":"The Clockwork Doctor","date":"July 2, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Welcome back all!\u00a0 In last week's episode we talked about external ballistics, and the forces that affect a projectile in flight.\u00a0 We also talked about those same projectiles flying around on Mars, in outer space, and on planets made of bubblegum.\u00a0 This week we'll discuss stability of a projectile, and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Gun Geek"","block_context":{"text":"Gun Geek","link":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/category\/clockdoc\/gungeek\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b2\/105mm_tank_gun_Rifling.jpg","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1392,"url":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/nuttybites\/nutty-bites-episode-25\/","url_meta":{"origin":2029,"position":4},"title":"Nutty Bites Episode 25","author":"Nuchtchas","date":"March 19, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0I talk about some changes to the show production schedule, I ramble about stuff no one cares about, I discuss the Steampunk\/Shadowrun table top RP I've been playing (Victoriana) and a bit about Lady London the Liquidatrix and a bit about the Clockwork Doctor. I talk about my Daily Creativity\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Nutty Bites"","block_context":{"text":"Nutty Bites","link":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/category\/nuttybites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Dragon Solo","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/farm8.staticflickr.com\/7186\/6828986292_f2f1a393ac_m.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2050,"url":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/nuttybites\/nutty-bites-32\/","url_meta":{"origin":2029,"position":5},"title":"Nutty Bites 32","author":"Nuchtchas","date":"August 31, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"It's hot thanks to it being summer so I recorded this at the radio station in sweet, sweet air conditioning. (oh and I call Nathan Lowell a jerk\u2026 for being so talented) My goal was to make a shorter episode, I ended up failing at that, sorry folks. I heard\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Nutty Bites"","block_context":{"text":"Nutty Bites","link":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/category\/nuttybites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/CoverArt32.png?fit=500%2C500&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2029"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5124,"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029\/revisions\/5124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nimlas.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}